Ubuntu24.04LTS中使用apt按照pip，然后pip install时会提示：

error: externally-managed-environment

× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.

note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

这个错误信息表明你正在尝试在一个由Ubuntu系统或某些系统级服务管理的Python环境中使用pip来安装包，而这个环境是“外部管理”的，意味着它可能已经被Ubuntu的某些部分或其他系统级服务所依赖。直接在这个环境中使用pip安装或更新包可能会破坏这些系统级服务或应用的运行。

解决方案：

通过venv包来，创建一个全局的虚拟环境，然后新建一个enterpy3别名来激活它。

第一步：安装venv包

sudo apt install python3-venv

第二步：创建虚拟环境

cd ~
mkdir .python_venv
cd .python_venv
python3 -m venv global

第三步：设置切换虚拟环境的自定义命令

编辑bashrc
vim ~/.bashrc
追加以下内容，wq保存
alias enterpy3='. ~/.python_venv/global/bin/activate'
重新加载bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

以后再使用python前都先执行下 enterpy3 命令，切换到虚拟环境，就可以使用pip正常安装包和运行python脚本